This study empirically examined the effect of agricultural production on income inequality in Nigeria between 1990 and 2024. The study proxied agricultural production by crop production, fishing production, livestock production and forestry production while income inequality was proxied by the Income Inequality index. The study made use of annual time series data which were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, World Development Indicators of the World Bank and National Bureau of Statistics reports. The techniques of data analysis adopted include: descriptive statistical technique, Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test, Johansen Cointegration test, and Parsimonious Error Correction Model approach. The results of the study showed that all the variables were stationary at first difference, that is, integrated of order one [I(1)], and that a long-run cointegrating relationship exists among the variables. The findings revealed that crop production and fishing production have a positive and statistically significant effect on income inequality, while livestock production has a negative and significant effect, and forestry production has a mixed but statistically significant effect on income inequality in the short run. Premised on the findings, the study concluded that the distributional effect of agricultural production in Nigeria varies markedly by sub-sector, with livestock production narrowing income inequality while crop and fishing production tend to widen it. It was recommended among others that government should promote inclusive crop and fisheries value chains by targeting support to smallholder farmers and fishers through subsidies, improved inputs, and access to credit, in order to ensure that the benefits of agricultural growth are more evenly distributed.

Keywords: Agricultural Production, Crop Production, Livestock Production, Income Inequality, Gini Coefficient